Note ကို စထုတ်တဲ့အချိန်၊ ချေးငွေစရတဲ့အချိန်မှာ အောက်ပါအတိုင်း journal entry ကို record လုပ်ပါ မယ်။
ဒီနေရာမှာ AA ကုမ္ပဏီက ရတဲ့ ငွေသား $9,520 ဘယ်လိုရသလဲ ရှင်းပြပါမယ်။ Note ပေါ်မှာ ပါတဲ့ stated interest rate က 10% ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် AA က ငွေစချေးပြီး တစ်နှစ် ပြည့်တဲ့အချိန်မှာ အတိုးငွေ ဖြစ်တဲ့ အရင်း x အတိုးနှုန်း = $10,000 x 10% = $1,000 ကို BB ကုမ္ပဏီသို့ ပေးရမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ အတိုးငွေ က ပထမနှစ် အကုန်၊ ဒုတိယနှစ် အကုန် နဲ့ တတိယနှစ် အကုန် မှာ ၃ ကြိမ်ပေးရမှာပါ။ အတိုးပါဝင်လာပြီ ဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် တွက်ချက်မှုက zero-interest bearing note လို မရိုးရှင်းတော့ပါဘူး။ zero-interest bearing note မှာက အရင်းငွေ $10,000 ကို Time Value Table 2 Present Value of a Single Sum ရှိ period 3 နဲ့ effective rate 9% ဆုံတဲ့နေရာက figure နဲ့ မြှောက်လိုက်ရင် $10,000 ရဲ့ ယခုလက်ရှိ တန်ဘိုးကို ရပါတယ်။
အခု Interest-bearing note မှာက နှစ်စဉ် ပေးရမဲ့ အတိုးငွေ $1,000 ရှိလာပြီဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် present value တွက်ချက်ရာမှာ အရင်းနဲ့ အတိုး ၂ မျိုးစလုံးကို ထည့်စဉ်းစားရမှာပါ။ အတိုးငွေက note ရဲ့ သက်တမ်း ၃ နှစ်ကာလ တစ်လျှောက် နှစ်စဉ်နှစ်ရဲ့ အဆုံးမှာ ပေးရတာ ဖြစ်တဲ့အတွက် Time Value Table 4 Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity of 1 မှာ ကြည့်ပြီး အတိုးငွေရဲ့ present value ကို တွက်ရမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ အခု တွက်ပြပါမယ်။
ဤနေရာတွင် Time Value Table များ ကို ကြည့်ပါ။
Number of periods = 3
Effective interest rate = 12%
Table 4 မှာ period 3 နဲ့ 12% ဆုံတဲ့နေရာမှာ 2.40183 ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။
Present Value of interest $1,000 = $1,000 x PVF-OA(3, 12%)
= $1,000 x 2.40183= $2,401.83
တစ်ခါ အရင်းငွေ $10,000 ရဲ့ present value ကို တွက်ပါမယ်။ အရင်းငွေကတော့ ၃ နှစ်ပြည့်မှ တစ်လုံးတည်း ပြန်ဆပ်ရမှာ ဖြစ်လို့ Time Value Table 2 Present Value of a Single Sum မှာဘဲ ကြည့် ပါတယ်။
Present Value of $10,000 = $10,000 x PVF(3, 12%)
= $10,000 x 0.71178
= $7,117.80
အရင်းငွေရဲ့ present value နဲ့ အတိုးငွေရဲ့ present value ပေါင်းလိုက်တဲ့အခါမှာ AA ကုမ္ပဏီက ရတဲ့ ငွေသား $9,520 ကို ရပါတယ်။ ၃ နှစ်စေ့ရင် ပြန်ပေးရမှာက $10,000 ပါ။ ဒါကြောင့် ခြားနားချက် ဖြစ်တဲ့ $480 ကတော့ Discount on Notes Payable မှာ စာရင်းရေးသွင်းပါတယ်။ ဒီ discount on Notes Payable တို့၊ discount on Bonds Payable တို့ကို contra liability account တွေလို့ခေါ်ပါတယ်။ liability ဆိုရင် သူ့ရဲ့ normal balance က credit ပါ။ သူတို့ကတော့ contra liability ဖြစ်လို့ normal balance က debit ပါ။ အဲဒီ discount ကို နှစ်စဉ် interest expense ထဲမှာ amortize လုပ်ပြီဆိုမှ credit ပြန်သွင်းပြီး ပြန်လျှော့ပစ်ရတာပါ။ zero-interest bearing note မှာလိုဘဲ 3-year discount amortization and interest expense schedule ကို ဆွဲရပါမယ်။
Amortization Schedule ရှိ ရှင်းလင်းချက်များကို ဒီဆောင်းပါးမှာ ရှင်းပြထားပါတယ်။ ငွေသား အတိုး သုညနဲ့ ငွေသားအတိုး ရှိတာ ကွာသွားပါတယ်။ AA ကုမ္ပဏီက နှစ်စဉ်အတိုးငွေပေးတာနဲ့ discount ကို amortize လုပ်တာကို အောက်ပါအတိုင်း journal entry များ ရေးသွင်းပါမယ်။
တကယ်လို့ note ပေါ်က stated rate က effective rate ထက်များရင် note ရဲ့ present value က face value ထက် များမှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ အဲဒီအခါမှာ Premium on Notes Payable ကို Credit သွင်းပြီး effective-interest method အရ note ရဲ့ သက်တမ်းတစ်လျှောက် premium ပမာဏကို amortize လုပ် သွားပါမယ်။ Interest Expense မှာဘဲ record လုပ်မှာ ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။
ခေတ္တနားဦးပါမည်။
Kieso, Weygandt, နှင့် Warfield တို့ရေးသားသော Intermediate Accounting 14th edition ကို မှီငြမ်း ဘာသာပြန်ဆိုပါသည်။
ဖြူ ဖြူ
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